Job satisfaction can be defined as a positive emotional state resulting from the pleasure an employee derives from doing a job locke, 1976. It is a relatively recent term since in previous centuries the jobs available to a particular person were often predetermined by the occupation of that persons parent. Locke is a proponent of global capitalism, was personally acquainted with the philosopher ayn rand, and is affiliated with the ayn rand institute. The discrepancy theory thereby suitably applies to this study as it assists in understanding the discrepancies. This chapter introduces the relationship between human resource development hrd practices and employees job satisfaction. Many theorists have tried to come up with an explanation for why people feel the way they do in regards to their job. He is also a critic of the concept of emotional intelligence. Job satisfaction refers to the overall feelings one has and the evaluation one makes about ones job. Challenging goals, in addition to being associated with high selfefficacy, are typically associated with positive instrumen. Job satisfaction is usually linked with motivation, but the nature of this relationship is not clear. The job satisfaction is reflected by the affective reaction of an individual on to hisher work related factors. Completely developed discrepancy theory approaches to satisfaction lawler, 1973.
Lockes theory on job satisfaction lockes composite theory of job satisfaction is the product of many other concepts which he has developed through study and research on related topics such as goalsetting and employee performance. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology book. Job satisfaction in organizational executives mp singh, dr jyotsna sinha research scholar, department of humanities, mn nit, allahabad assistant professor, department of humanities, mn nit, allahabad abstract this paper is aimed at examining the level of job satisfaction among the executives serving in various organizations. Spector 1997 presented three reasons to clarify the importance of job satisfaction. Locke, an internationally known scholar in the behavioral sciences, has applied his extensive knowledge of philosophy, psychology, and business history to explain what makes great wealth creation possible. The relationship of job satisfaction, job stress, mental health of government and nongovernment employees of bangladesh. According to locke 1976, job satisfaction is the pleasurable emotional state resulting from the subjective appraisal of ones job, along with the progress of achievements of job values. The mostused research definition of job satisfaction is by locke 1976, who defined it as. One of the most widely used definitions in organizational research is that of locke 1976, who defines job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences p.
The most widely accepted theory of job satisfaction was proposed by locke 1976, who defined job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences locke, 1975, p. Job satisfaction comes as a result of employees perception of the work itself is seen as either satisfactorily done or core to the institution or a company. Lockes monumental an essay concerning human understanding 1689 is one of the first great defenses of modern empiricism and concerns itself with determining the limits of human understanding in respect to a wide spectrum of topics. Job satisfaction describes how content an individual is with his or her job.
Locke american institutes for research arid department o psychology, university of maryland despite considerable interest in the study of job satisfaction and dissatis faction, our understanding of these phenomena has not advanced at a pace commensurate with research. Spector, 1997 and as the affective and cognitive attitudes held by. When an employee performs their work well, they feel a sense of job satisfaction. Lockes 1976 range of affect theory is by far, the most prominent js model in the literature. Employees job satisfaction becomes a central attention in the researches and. Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction has been defined in different ways. This study explores the relationship between individual characteristics, job characteristics, and career development with job satisfaction of teachers in vocational schools at the province of north sumatera, indonesia. Greenberg and baron 2008, for instance, viewed job satisfaction as a feeling that can produce a positive or negative effect toward ones roles and responsibilities at work and added that it is important to understand the concept of job satisfaction as. Spector, 1997, or as the affective and cognitive attitudes held by an employee about various aspects. Research that used different methodologies did not replicate herzbergs findings e. On the other hand, facet measurements have questions or items for these different areas and provides one score to represent each area. In my opinion i believe that job satisfaction is simply someone been content with their job or enjoy the work they do. Locke then goes on to define the definition by saying job satisfaction stems from feeling and cognition locke 1976.
Job satisfaction among bank employees international. If a person likes their job, they feel job satisfaction. It is just one indicator of a persons psychological wellbeing and can be defined as being a pleasure emotional state that results from the appraisal of an individuals job or job experiences locke, 1976. Based on these values they will attempt to treat their employees honorably and with respect. The most widely accepted explanation of job satisfaction was presented by locke 1976, who defined job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences p. These studies, summarized by locke 1976, have suggested several structures. The study found that 70% of job satisfaction comes from the environment and 30% comes from genetic factors. Job satisfaction has been studied both as a consequence of many individual and work environment characteristics and as an antecedent to many outcomes. Models of job satisfaction affect theory organizational. Some research shows a connection between personality and job satisfaction. Despite considerable interest in the study of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction, our understanding of these phenomena has not increased substantially in the past 30 years. According to locke, job satisfaction by definition is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience. Job satisfaction is more of an attitude, an internal state. Research that used different methodologies did not replicate herzbergs.
Spector, 1997, or as the affective and cognitive attitudes held by an employee about various aspects of their work kalleberg, 1977. According to locke and lathan 1976 the definition of job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience. Rolemaking processes within complex organizations \ george graen 29. His assertion may seem extreme but given that turnover costs can reach almost 40 percent of earnings for the average company saratoga 2006, developing employee job satisfaction should be examined. Since early studies in the 1930s, job satisfaction has become. Human resources development practices and employees job. Locke american institutes for research arid department o psychology, university of maryland despite considerable interest in the study of job satisfaction and dissatis faction, our understanding of these phenomena has not advanced at a pace commensurate with research efforts. Happock wrote this in his book, job satisfaction 1935, to describe the importance of an employees job satisfaction. They clearly separate facets into the four areas noted earlier.
Pdf the nature and causes of job satisfaction researchgate. According to lathan and locke according to lathan and locke. Study this book and see if you have the right stuff. Locke in 1976 and is considered the most famous job satisfaction model. Many definitions of job satisfaction exist in the literature. Locke defines the concept of job satisfaction as a. If a worker has good relationships with their boss and their coworkers, they feel job satisfaction. Similarly, the positive correlation of job satisfaction with respondents. Herzbergs view of mans nature implies a split between the psychological and biological processes of the human make. In addition to discussing the nature of and techniques for assessing job satisfaction, the author summarizes the findings concerning how.
People with high job satisfaction experience a pleasurable or positive emotional state when they think about their job or job experiences. Empirical study on the effects of leaders verbal communication style on employees job satisfaction. Summary the most popular definition of job satisfaction was supplied by locke 1976. In the year 1976, locke defined the job satisfaction as the positive and pleasant affective state, which an individual hold about his or her job. Meaning that the individual is satisfied at the global level the job as a whole and the facet level the different. Established global measures include the job satisfaction scales and the overall job satisfaction scale. Essay about job satisfaction and job security 355 words. Job satisfaction is a complex and multifaceted concept wich can mean different things to different people. Distilling the vast literature on this frequently studied variable in organizational behaviour research, paul e spector provides the student and professional with a pithy overview of the application, assessment, causes and consequences of job satisfaction.
Human resources development practices and employees job satisfaction. Further, the theory states that how much one values a given. However, the mostused definition of job satisfaction in organizational research is that of locke 1976, who described job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the apprajsa1 of ones job or job experiences p. Likewise, his explanation of job satisfaction is in part, a response to some of herzbergs proposals. Aug 25, 2017 the most popular definition of job satisfaction was supplied by locke 1976, who defined it as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences p. Another name of discrepancy theory is affect theory which is developed by edwin a. His 1976 chapter on job satisfaction continues to be one of the most highlycited pieces of work in the field. Accordingly, bullock 1952 treats job satisfaction as the integrity of related and unrelated desired job experiences and as an attitude that results from these activities.
The nature and causes of job satisfaction in dunnette, m. Organizational behavior and hu2ian performance 4, 309336 1969 what is job satisfaction. Happock wrote this in his book, job satisfaction 1935, to. Locke 1976 defines job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences. Theories of job satisfaction explained with example.
This definition further suggests that job satisfaction contains an affective component emotional state and cognitive component appraisal of job. Employees who do not feel alienated, or left out, have more job satisfaction. One of the most widely used definition of job satisfaction is that of locke 1976, which defines job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences. It is argued that a major reason for this lack of progress is the implicit conception of casuality accepted by most psychologists. Locke 1969, 1976 defined job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, 1, 129743. In the year 1977, kalleberg argued that the job satisfaction is an. Job satisfaction is important to an organisation success and therefore it is critical that every individual is satisfied within the workplace.
First, organizations can be directed by humanitarian values. According to lathan and locke according to lathan and. The diagonal model of job satisfaction and motivation. Comparative study of physicians job satisfaction levels in the public and the private sectors in russia. According to lathan and locke 1976, job satisfaction refers to a pleasurable and positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job performance or experience. Earlier research indicates that job satisfaction is important, as it can have a significant positive influence on both the organization and its employees. As locke 1976 defined job satisfaction, it refers to a pleasurable or positive. In simple terms, job satisfaction explains what makes people want to come to work.
Job satisfaction simple english wikipedia, the free. Thus, the most effective way an organization can promote job satisfaction of its employees is to enhance the mental challenge in their jobs, and the most consequential way most individuals can improve their own job satisfaction is to. Job satisfaction is a result of employees perception of how well their job provides those things that are viewed as important. The main premise of this theory is that satisfaction is determined by a discrepancy between what one wants in a job and what one has in a job. However, the mostused definition of job satisfaction in organizational research is that of locke 1976, who described job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the apprajsa1 of.
It may be as simple as the feeling of satisfaction with a job. Promote job satisfaction through mental challenge the. The methodology used in both studies was the critical incident technique cit, a technique originally developed for conducting a job analysis, not for identifying sources of job satisfaction flanagan, 1954. Locke developed the idea known as discrepancy theory.
The concept of job satisfaction has been defined in many ways. Employees who feel in control of their situation also have more job satisfaction. Locke s range of affect theory 1976 is arguably the most famous job satisfaction model. Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction is a measure of workers contentedness with their job.
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